MUC1 (Mucin 1)
MUC1 (Mucin 1)
- Used for: Breast cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer.
- Why it’s good: Overexpression of MUC1 is seen in many cancers, making it a broad biomarker.
- Limitation: It can be elevated in non-cancerous conditions as well.
CEA is a cell adhesion molecule normally produced during fetal development. In adults, it is usually undetectable in the blood, but it may be re-expressed and elevated in certain cancers, including colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung cancers (Vrba et al., 1975). 🧪 Diagnostic Applications 📈 Prognostic Value 🧪 CEA in Non-Gastrointestinal Cancers 🧪 CEA…
TP53 (Tumor Protein p53)
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) is a widely used cancer biomarker, particularly for prostate cancer (PCa). While it has transformed prostate cancer screening and monitoring, it also has notable limitations. Here’s a detailed breakdown based on current research: 🔍 What is PSA? PSA is a serine protease produced mainly by the prostate gland. It is highly organ-specific…
The Thomsen–Friedenreich (TF) antigen, also known as CD176, is a disaccharide structure comprising galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine (Galβ1-3GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr). It serves as the core 1 structure in O-linked glycosylation of proteins. In healthy tissues, the TF antigen is typically masked by additional carbohydrate chains or sialylation, rendering it inaccessible to the immune system. However, in many cancer…
Carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) is a tumor-associated glycoprotein frequently studied as a biomarker for cancer, particularly gastric and gynecological malignancies. Here’s a detailed overview based on current research: Overview and Diagnostic Role Prognostic and Monitoring Value Detection Technologies Age and Gender Effects Therapeutic Potential Conclusion CA72-4 is a valuable biomarker for monitoring and prognosis in…
CA125 (Cancer Antigen 125)